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   <h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.9   </span> <a 
 id="x14-500002.9"></a>Interface elements</h4>
<!--l. 1256--><p class="noindent" >Interface elements represents an interaction between points, edges or surfaces. They are used to model debonding
between surfaces or more general fracture processes through the use of cohesive zone (cz) models. They can also be
used to model contact between elements. Specific interface material models needs to be used - consult the
<span 
class="cmti-10">matlibmanual </span>for supported models.
<!--l. 1258--><p class="noindent" ><span class="paragraphHead"><a 
 id="x14-510002.9"></a><span 
class="cmbx-10">Ordering convention:</span></span>
   All inerface elements have <span 
class="cmti-10">plus</span>-side and a <span 
class="cmti-10">minus</span>-side and all nodes should first be specified for the
minus-side and then the plus-side. The normal to the interface is defined to point from the minus-side
to the-plus side. Direction of normal vector on an element specifies normal stress/cohesion across the
element. It is assumed that normal jump, normal traction are at the first position of corresponding
vectors. Stiffness matrix in local coordinates has always on position 1,1 normal stiffness and then shear
stiffness.
<!--l. 1260--><p class="noindent" >
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.9.1   </span> <a 
 id="x14-520002.9.1"></a>IntElPoint, Interface1d elements</h5>
<!--l. 1261--><p class="noindent" >Implementation of one dimensional (slip) interface element. This element connects two separate nodes and the
interaction is governed by a one-dimensional slip law. This law determines the force acting between the nodes as a
function on their relative displacement in the slip direction. The element can be used in 1D, 2D, and 3D (default) and
its features are summarized in Table&#x00A0;<a 
href="#x14-5200139">39<!--tex4ht:ref: Interface1dsummary --></a>.
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 1266--><p class="noindent" >
<div class="table">
<!--l. 1266--><p class="noindent" ><a 
 id="x14-5200139"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
> <!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-40" class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="groups" 
><colgroup id="TBL-40-1g"><col 
id="TBL-40-1"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-40-2g"><col 
id="TBL-40-2"></colgroup><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-1-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="cmbx-10">Keyword         </span></td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-1-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1266--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmbx-10">IntElPoint, Interface1d (deprecated)</span>                   </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-2-1"  
class="td11">Description          </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-2-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1266--><p class="noindent" >One dimensional (slip) interface element                        </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-3-1"  
class="td11">Specific parameters</td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-3-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1266--><p class="noindent" >[<span 
class="cmtt-10">refnode</span>&#x00A0;#<span 
class="cmr-5">(in)</span>] [<span 
class="cmtt-10">normal</span>&#x00A0;#<span 
class="cmr-5">(ra)</span>]                                     </td>
</tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-4-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-4-1"  
class="td11">Parameters           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-4-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1267--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmtt-10">refnode</span>:  determines  the  reference  node,  which  is  used
to  specify  a  reference  direction  (the  direction  vector  is
obtained by subtracting the coordinates of the first node
from the reference node).                                            </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-5-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-5-1"  
class="td11">                </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-5-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1268--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmtt-10">normal</span>: The reference direction can be directly specified
by the optional parameter <span 
class="cmtt-10">normal</span>. Although both <span 
class="cmtt-10">refnode</span>
and  <span 
class="cmtt-10">normal </span>are  optional,  at  least  one  of  them  must  be
specified.                                                                 </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-6-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-6-1"  
class="td11">Unknowns            </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-6-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1271--><p class="noindent" >One, two, or three DOFs (u-displacement, v-displacement,
w-displacement) are required in each node, according to
element mode (determined from domain type).               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-7-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-7-1"  
class="td11">Approximation      </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-7-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1272--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-8-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-8-1"  
class="td11">Integration           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-8-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1273--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-9-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-9-1"  
class="td11">Features              </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-9-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1274--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-10-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-10-1"  
class="td11">CS properties </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-10-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1275--><p class="noindent" >-</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-11-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-11-1"  
class="td11">Loads                  </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-11-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1276--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-12-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-12-1"  
class="td11">Nlgeo </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-12-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1277--><p class="noindent" >0</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-13-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-13-1"  
class="td11">Status                 </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-13-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1278--><p class="noindent" >Reliable                                                                  </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-14-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-14-1"  
class="td11">Note </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-14-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1279--><p class="noindent" >Element requires material model with _1dInterface support.</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-15-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-15-1"  
class="td11">                </td></tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-40-16-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-40-16-1"  
class="td11"></td></tr></table>
</div>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Table&#x00A0;39: </span><span  
class="content">IntElPoint element summary</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5200139 -->
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 1282--><p class="noindent" >
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.9.2   </span> <a 
 id="x14-530002.9.2"></a>IntElLine1, Interface2dlin elements</h5>
<!--l. 1283--><p class="noindent" >Implementation of a two dimensional line element with a linear approximation of the displacement jump. The element
can be used to tie together two element edges and is defined by four nodes - two on each edge. Note that, the nodes
along the interface are doubled, each couple with identical coordinates. Nodes on the negative side are numbered first,
followed by nodes on the positive part. Requires material model with _2dInterface support. The element features are
summarized in Table&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmbx-10">??</span>.
<!--l. 1286--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<a 
 id="x14-5300118"></a>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<!--l. 1--><p class="noindent" ><img 
src="elementlibmanual-figure20.png" alt="PIC"  
>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;18: </span><span  
class="content">Interface2dlin element with linear interpolation. Definition and node numbering convention</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5300118 -->
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<!--l. 1293--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 1295--><p class="noindent" >
<div class="table">
<!--l. 1295--><p class="noindent" ><a 
 id="x14-5300240"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
> <!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-41" class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="groups" 
><colgroup id="TBL-41-1g"><col 
id="TBL-41-1"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-41-2g"><col 
id="TBL-41-2"></colgroup><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-1-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="cmbx-10">Keyword         </span></td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-1-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1295--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmbx-10">IntElLine1, Interface2dlin(deprecated)</span>                </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-2-1"  
class="td11">Description          </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-2-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1295--><p class="noindent" >2D interface element with linear approximation               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-3-1"  
class="td11">Specific parameters</td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-3-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1295--><p class="noindent" >[<span 
class="cmtt-10">axisymmode</span>&#x00A0;#<span 
class="cmr-5">()</span>]                                                      </td>
</tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-4-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-4-1"  
class="td11">Parameters           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-4-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1296--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmtt-10">axisymmode</span>:
Flag controlling axisymmetric mode (integration over unit
circumferential angle).                                               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-5-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-5-1"  
class="td11">Unknowns            </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-5-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1297--><p class="noindent" >Two dofs (u-displacement, v-displacement) are required in
each node.                                                               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-6-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-6-1"  
class="td11">Approximation      </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-6-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1298--><p class="noindent" >Linear approximation of displacements and geometry.      </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-7-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-7-1"  
class="td11">Integration           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-7-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1299--><p class="noindent" >Full integration of all strain components using two point
integration formula.                                                   </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-8-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-8-1"  
class="td11">Features              </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-8-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1300--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-9-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-9-1"  
class="td11">CS properties </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-9-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1301--><p class="noindent" >-</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-10-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-10-1"  
class="td11">Loads                  </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-10-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1302--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-11-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-11-1"  
class="td11">Nlgeo </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-11-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1303--><p class="noindent" >0</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-12-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-12-1"  
class="td11">Status                 </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-12-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1304--><p class="noindent" >Reliable                                                                  </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-13-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-13-1"  
class="td11">Note </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-13-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1305--><p class="noindent" >Element requires material model with _2dInterface support.</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-14-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-14-1"  
class="td11">                </td></tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-41-15-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-41-15-1"  
class="td11"></td></tr></table>
</div>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Table&#x00A0;40: </span><span  
class="content">IntElLine1 element summary</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5300240 -->
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
</div>
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.9.3   </span> <a 
 id="x14-540002.9.3"></a>IntElLine2, Interface2dquad elements</h5>
<!--l. 1310--><p class="noindent" >Implementation of a two dimensional interface element with quadratic approximation of displacement field. Can be
used to glue together two elements with quadratic displacement approximation along the shared edge. Note, that the
nodes along the interface are doubled, each couple with identical coordinates. Nodes on the negative side are
numbered first, followed by nodes on the positive part. Requires material model with _2dInterface support. The
element features are summarized in Table&#x00A0;<span 
class="cmbx-10">??</span>.
<!--l. 1313--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<a 
 id="x14-5400119"></a>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<!--l. 1--><p class="noindent" ><img 
src="elementlibmanual-figure21.png" alt="PIC"  
>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;19: </span><span  
class="content">Interface2dquad element with quadratic interpolation. Definition and node numbering convention</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5400119 -->
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<!--l. 1320--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 1322--><p class="noindent" >
<div class="table">
<!--l. 1322--><p class="noindent" ><a 
 id="x14-5400241"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
> <!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-42" class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="groups" 
><colgroup id="TBL-42-1g"><col 
id="TBL-42-1"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-42-2g"><col 
id="TBL-42-2"></colgroup><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-1-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="cmbx-10">Keyword         </span></td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-1-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1322--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmbx-10">IntElLine2, Interface2dquad (deprecated)</span>            </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-2-1"  
class="td11">Description          </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-2-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1322--><p class="noindent" >2D interface element with quadratic approximation          </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-3-1"  
class="td11">Specific parameters</td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-3-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1322--><p class="noindent" >[<span 
class="cmtt-10">axisymmode</span>&#x00A0;#<span 
class="cmr-5">()</span>]                                                      </td>
</tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-4-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-4-1"  
class="td11">Parameters           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-4-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1323--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmtt-10">axisymmode</span>:
Flag controlling axisymmetric mode (integration over unit
circumferential angle).                                               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-5-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-5-1"  
class="td11">Unknowns            </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-5-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1324--><p class="noindent" >Two dofs (u-displacement, v-displacement) are required in
each node.                                                               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-6-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-6-1"  
class="td11">Approximation      </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-6-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1325--><p class="noindent" >Quadratic approximation of displacements and geometry.  </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-7-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-7-1"  
class="td11">Integration           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-7-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1326--><p class="noindent" >Full integration of all strain components using four point
integration formula.                                                   </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-8-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-8-1"  
class="td11">Features              </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-8-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1327--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-9-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-9-1"  
class="td11">CS properties </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-9-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1328--><p class="noindent" >-</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-10-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-10-1"  
class="td11">Loads                  </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-10-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1329--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-11-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-11-1"  
class="td11">Nlgeo </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-11-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1330--><p class="noindent" >0</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-12-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-12-1"  
class="td11">Status                 </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-12-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1331--><p class="noindent" >Reliable                                                                  </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-13-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-13-1"  
class="td11">Note </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-13-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1332--><p class="noindent" >Element requires material model with _2dInterface support.</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-14-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-14-1"  
class="td11">                </td></tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-42-15-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-42-15-1"  
class="td11"></td></tr></table>
</div>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Table&#x00A0;41: </span><span  
class="content">IntElLine2 element summary</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5400241 -->
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
</div>
   <h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.9.4   </span> <a 
 id="x14-550002.9.4"></a>IntElSurfTr1, Interface3dtrlin elements</h5>
<!--l. 1336--><p class="noindent" >Implementation of a three dimensional interface element with linear approximation of displacement field. Can be used
to glue together two elements with linear displacement approximation along the shared triangular surface. Note, that
the nodes along the interface are doubled, each couple with identical coordinates. Nodes on the negative surface are
numbered first, followed by nodes on the positive part. The numbering of surface nodes on positive surface (+)
determines the positive normal (right hand rule). Requires material model with _3dInterface support. The element
features are summarized in Table&#x00A0;<a 
href="#x14-5500242">42<!--tex4ht:ref: Interface3dtrlinsummary --></a>.
<!--l. 1339--><p class="indent" >   <hr class="figure"><div class="figure" 
>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<a 
 id="x14-5500120"></a>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<!--l. 1--><p class="noindent" ><img 
src="elementlibmanual-figure22.png" alt="PIC"  
>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Figure&#x00A0;20: </span><span  
class="content">Interface3dtrlin element with linear interpolation. Definition and node numbering convention</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5500120 -->
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
<!--l. 1346--><p class="indent" >   </div><hr class="endfigure">
<div class="center" 
>
<!--l. 1348--><p class="noindent" >
<div class="table">
<!--l. 1348--><p class="noindent" ><a 
 id="x14-5500242"></a><hr class="float"><div class="float" 
> <!--tex4ht:inline--><div class="tabular"> <table id="TBL-43" class="tabular" 
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" rules="groups" 
><colgroup id="TBL-43-1g"><col 
id="TBL-43-1"></colgroup><colgroup id="TBL-43-2g"><col 
id="TBL-43-2"></colgroup><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-1-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-1-1"  
class="td11"><span 
class="cmbx-10">Keyword         </span></td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-1-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1348--><p class="noindent" ><span 
class="cmbx-10">IntElSurfTr1, Interface3dtrlin (deprecated)</span>          </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-2-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-2-1"  
class="td11">Description          </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-2-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1348--><p class="noindent" >3D interface element with linear approximation               </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-3-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-3-1"  
class="td11">Specific parameters</td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-3-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1348--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td>
</tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-4-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-4-1"  
class="td11">Unknowns            </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-4-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1350--><p class="noindent" >Three
dofs (u-displacement, v-displacement, w-displacement) are
required in each node.                                                </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-5-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-5-1"  
class="td11">Approximation      </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-5-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1351--><p class="noindent" >Linear approximation of displacements and geometry.      </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-6-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-6-1"  
class="td11">Integration           </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-6-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1352--><p class="noindent" >Full   integration   of   all   components   using   one   point
integration formula.                                                   </td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-7-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-7-1"  
class="td11">Features              </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-7-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1353--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-8-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-8-1"  
class="td11">CS properties </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-8-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1354--><p class="noindent" >-</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-9-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-9-1"  
class="td11">Loads                  </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-9-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1355--><p class="noindent" >-                                                                            </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-10-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-10-1"  
class="td11">Nlgeo </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-10-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1356--><p class="noindent" >0</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-11-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-11-1"  
class="td11">Status                 </td><td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-11-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1357--><p class="noindent" >Reliable                                                                  </td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-12-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-12-1"  
class="td11">Note </td> <td  style="white-space:wrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-12-2"  
class="td11"><!--l. 1358--><p class="noindent" >Element requires material model with _3dInterface support.</td>
</tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-13-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-13-1"  
class="td11">                </td></tr><tr 
class="hline"><td><hr></td><td><hr></td></tr><tr  
 style="vertical-align:baseline;" id="TBL-43-14-"><td  style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left;" id="TBL-43-14-1"  
class="td11"></td></tr></table>
</div>
<br /> <div class="caption" 
><span class="id">Table&#x00A0;42: </span><span  
class="content">IntElSurfTr1 element summary</span></div><!--tex4ht:label?: x14-5500242 -->
</div><hr class="endfloat" />
</div>
</div>
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
                                                                                           
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